A 65-year-old man is evaluated during a routine examination. He is asymptomatic. The patient has a 15-pack-year smoking history, and family history is noncontributory. He takes no medications.
Which of the following is the most effective screening maneuver?
Answer: C - Pulse palpation
Objective: Screen for atrial fibrillation during the physical examination.
Palpating the pulse has been shown to increase the detection rate of atrial fibrillation among adults age 65 years and older.
Palpating the pulse to screen for atrial fibrillation should be included in this patient's physical examination. Palpating the pulse has been shown to increase atrial fibrillation case finding among adults age 65 years and older. A cluster-randomized trial of more than 14,000 patients found that detection of new cases of atrial fibrillation was 1.64% per year in patients randomized to receive opportunistic screening (pulse taking and invitation for electrocardiography if the pulse was irregular) compared with 1.04% in patients randomized to receive no active screening.
Abdominal palpation for the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been shown to have poor reliability. Ultrasonography is the preferred screening test for detection of AAA because it is noninvasive, easy to implement, and has excellent sensitivity and specificity. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends one-time screening for AAA with abdominal ultrasonography in all men aged 65 to 75 years who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and selective screening in men in this age group who have never smoked.
Carotid artery auscultation of bruits for detection of carotid stenosis has also been shown to have poor accuracy. Although ultrasonography has higher sensitivity and specificity than auscultation, the USPSTF recommends against screening for carotid stenosis in adults, as the harms of screening outweigh the benefits.
The USPSTF recommends against routine testicular examination for the purposes of cancer screening, primarily due to the low incidence and high survival rate of patients with testicular cancer, even when it is clinically detected. Harms associated with testicular cancer screening include false-positive results and unnecessary anxiety.
Fitzmaurice DA, Hobbs FD, Jowett S, et al. Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: cluster randomized controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Aug 25;335(7616):383. Link Out