Treat a patient with tuberculous meningitis. Diagnose central nervous system toxoplasmosis. Manage nonresponse to antimicrobial therapy in a patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Treat vancomycin-intermediate, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Manage a patient receiving ethambutol for treatment of tuberculosis. Diagnose Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Treat hospital-acquired diarrhea with an antimotility medication. Diagnose immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome caused by disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Treat a patient with Coccidioides immitis meningitis. Evaluate for neurosyphilis with cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Determine treatment duration for a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Manage immunizations in a patient after transplantation. Interpret tuberculin skin test results in a person with recent exposure to tuberculosis. Treat a patient with necrotizing fasciitis with empiric antimicrobial therapy. Evaluate pyelonephritis not responding to appropriate therapy. Treat nonoccupational exposure to HIV. Manage encephalitis. Diagnose late complement component deficiency. Treat a patient with a brain abscess resulting from dental sepsis with intravenous penicillin and metronidazole. Manage potential bioterrorism-related anthrax exposure. Treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in a pregnant woman. Manage a false-positive HIV test result. Treat a nonimmune immunocompromised adult exposed to varicella infection. Diagnose a superficial incisional surgical site infection. Treat a patient with bacterial meningitis with the appropriate empiric antimicrobial regimen. Treat cervicitis with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Diagnose West Nile neuroinvasive disease. Prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Manage a central line–associated fungal bloodstream infection. Treat secondary syphilis with benzathine penicillin. Diagnose cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation. Manage osteomyelitis of the foot in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diagnose dengue fever. Evaluate a patient with nonresponsive community-acquired pneumonia using chest CT. Manage vertebral osteomyelitis by determining microbiologic cause for appropriate treatment. Manage immunizations in a patient with HIV infection. Prevent spread of infection of disseminated varicella-zoster virus. Manage mild travelers' diarrhea. Identify criteria for establishing that a patient with tuberculosis is noncontagious. Manage conversion from an intravenous to an oral antimicrobial agent. Manage a reactive tuberculin skin test in an immunosuppressed patient. Diagnose a primary genital herpes simplex virus infection. Identify preferred screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a patient who is unlikely to return for follow-up. Treat a patient with HIV infection with opportunistic infection prophylaxis. Manage opportunistic infection prophylaxis in a patient who has undergone solid organ transplantation. Prevent hepatitis A in a traveler to South Asia. Treat a patient with a second recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection. Treat a patient with community-acquired pneumonia who has reached clinical stability by switching to oral antibiotic therapy. Diagnose a traveler with coccidioidomycosis. Manage Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Diagnose invasive Aspergillus infection. Treat a patient with a dog bite. Diagnose recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infection. Treat mild nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Treat a patient with acute, uncomplicated prostatitis. Manage potential influenza exposure in a person who has not had an annual influenza vaccination. Diagnose herpes simplex encephalitis. Treat a patient with bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Treat a patient with multidrug-resistant ventilator-associated pneumonia with empiric antibiotic therapy. Manage HIV infection accompanied by serum creatinine elevation. Treat a severe case of Clostridium difficile infection. Diagnose sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Diagnose a patient with smallpox. Identify acute HIV infection as a cause of aseptic meningitis. Diagnose acute osteomyelitis with imaging studies. Diagnose Mycobacterium fortuitum skin infection. Provide empiric antimicrobial therapy with meropenem and vancomycin for a patient with nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Manage initiation of treatment for a patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection. Manage asymptomatic candiduria. Monitor a patient receiving outpatient parenteral nafcillin therapy. Treat a patient with potential drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Diagnose a tick-borne coinfection. Manage cystitis in an older woman. Treat suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cellulitis and bacteremia in a patient who is intolerant of vancomycin. Treat urethritis due to Chlamydia trachomatis with azithromycin. Treat a patient with acute, uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Diagnose chronic osteomyelitis with histopathologic and microbiologic studies. Interpret results of serologic testing for Lyme disease. Diagnose Vibrio gastroenteritis. Manage selective IgA deficiency. Treat a patient with early localized Lyme disease. Identify the most common complication of Escherichia coli O157:H7 dysentery. Manage an asymptomatic patient who has babesiosis. Treat a hospitalized patient with pelvic inflammatory disease with antibiotics. Treat critically ill patients with oral antimicrobial agents. Diagnose acute HIV-1 infection. Manage Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Manage cryptococcal infection in an otherwise healthy patient. Diagnose typhoid fever. Recognize the clinical presentation of anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Evaluate severe community-acquired pneumonia with sputum cultures. Treat a patient with HIV/AIDS and disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Manage community-acquired pneumonia with empiric antibiotic therapy. Treat a patient with catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Diagnose Vibrio vulnificus–associated necrotizing fasciitis. Diagnose Middle East respiratory syndrome. Manage central line–associated Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. Manage infection control practices for a patient suspected of having tuberculosis. Treat a patient with a furuncle without antibiotic therapy. Treat a patient with appropriate antibiotic therapy who is admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Provide preexposure prophylaxis for HIV to a person at ongoing risk. Manage a patient with prolonged fever of unknown origin. Diagnose postinfluenza community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Manage recurrent urinary tract infection with low-dose antimicrobial prophylaxis. Diagnose late complement component deficiency. Treat a patient with a dog bite. Treat a patient with appropriate antibiotic therapy who is admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Diagnose postinfluenza community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Diagnose acute progressive disseminated histoplasmosis.