Diagnose thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Treat a patient for major bleeding who is taking warfarin. Diagnose chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in a patient with a previous pulmonary embolism. Diagnose paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Diagnose Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with JAK2 V617F activating mutation. Diagnose hemophilia A. Diagnose hypereosinophilic syndrome. Manage thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Determine duration of anticoagulation in a patient with venous thromboembolism. Treat anemia in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma. Manage Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an older patient. Determine indications for thrombophilia testing in a patient with a first thromboembolic event. Manage an acute, uncomplicated vaso-occlusive pain episode with opioids. Diagnose suspected pulmonary embolism in a pregnant woman. Treat platelet transfusion refractoriness. Manage a patient with acute venous thromboembolism who experienced a major bleeding episode. Diagnose β-thalassemia. Evaluate erythrocytosis. Manage acquired hemophilia. Manage thrombocytopenia in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. Manage warfarin therapy with vitamin K supplementation. Diagnose the cause of an aplastic crisis. Manage asymptomatic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Manage unprovoked proximal leg superficial thrombophlebitis. Diagnose folate deficiency. Treat essential thrombocythemia based on risk stratification. Diagnose macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia caused by a mechanical heart valve. Manage anticoagulation in a patient with an elevated plasma homocysteine level and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism. Diagnose infectious complications of iron overload syndromes. Manage testing of family members for factor V Leiden mutation. Treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. Diagnose hereditary spherocytosis. Evaluate the cause of iron deficiency anemia with colonoscopy and upper endoscopy. Manage transfusion in an asymptomatic pregnant patient with sickle cell anemia. Manage a supratherapeutic INR in a patient receiving vitamin K antagonist therapy. Manage low back pain in a patient with smoldering multiple myeloma. Diagnose von Willebrand disease. Manage an elevated INR in a patient taking warfarin. Evaluate a patient for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Manage anemia in a critically ill hospitalized patient. Manage mild coagulopathy in a patient undergoing central venous catheter placement. Manage pseudothrombocytopenia. Manage von Willebrand disease perioperatively. Diagnose cold agglutinin disease. Manage inflammatory anemia. Diagnose aplastic anemia. Diagnose monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Diagnose multiple myeloma requiring therapy. Diagnose coagulopathy of liver disease. Diagnose chronic myeloid leukemia. Treat a patient with transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection. Choose the appropriate diagnostic test for a patient with a low pretest probability of deep venous thrombosis. Manage transfusion in a patient with sickle cell disease who requires cholecystectomy. Manage heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Treat a patient with venous thromboembolism who wishes to breastfeed. Treat multiple myeloma–related bone disease. Diagnose exercise-induced hemolysis. Diagnose essential thrombocythemia. Manage refractory iron deficiency. Manage a patient undergoing colonoscopy and taking a new oral anticoagulant. Manage α-thalassemia. Determine the appropriate contraceptive choice for a woman at increased risk for venous thromboembolism. Manage pulmonary embolism with outpatient anticoagulation. Diagnose amyloidosis. Treat vaso-occlusive pain in a pregnant patient with sickle cell disease. Diagnose polycythemia vera as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treat a patient with venous thromboembolism with an initial combination of a parenteral anticoagulant and warfarin. Diagnose cobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) deficiency. Manage Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Diagnose glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Treat a patient with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Manage low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with observation. Diagnose transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Treat high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Treat anemia of chronic kidney disease. Diagnose delayed hyperhemolytic transfusion reaction. Diagnose Felty syndrome. Manage a patient with suspected central nervous system lymphoma. Treat a patient with malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Treat stage III colon cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy. Manage a patient with metastatic cancer and poor performance status. Determine need for molecular testing in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung. Manage posttreatment surveillance following therapy for head and neck cancer. Manage ipilimumab-induced toxicity. Determine appropriate timing of prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomies for a BRCA1 carrier. Determine the prognosis of a patient with newly diagnosed lymphoma. Treat advanced cervical cancer with chemoradiation therapy. Diagnose immunosuppression-induced non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Treat a patient with spinal cord compression caused by multiple myeloma. Treat breast cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a patient who desires breast-conserving surgery. Treat metastatic estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer that involves only bone. Prevent breast cancer in a patient with atypical ductal hyperplasia. Manage postoperative surveillance for a patient with stage III colon cancer. Recognize the risk of treatment-related complications following therapy for testicular cancer. Treat diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Manage metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation analysis. Treat oligometastatic colorectal cancer by surgical resection. Determine preoperative staging for a patient with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. Treat acute tumor lysis syndrome with high-volume normal saline hydration and rasburicase. Manage preservation of fertility in a patient about to start chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer. Treat adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site predominantly below the diaphragm in the same manner as a gastrointestinal malignancy. Treat a patient with asymptomatic, nonbulky follicular lymphoma. Diagnose human papillomavirus infection in a patient with head and neck cancer. Manage a patient with lung cancer and superior vena cava syndrome. Manage aromatase inhibitor arthralgia in a patient with aggressive breast cancer who requires antiestrogen therapy. Manage metastatic colorectal cancer with K-ras and N-ras genotyping of the tumor. Determine need for diagnostic imaging studies in a patient with low-risk prostate cancer. Treat a patient with a newly diagnosed intermediate-thickness melanoma. Understand chemotherapy terminology. Treat women with abdominal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site in the same manner as ovarian cancer. Treat recurrent superficial bladder cancer with cystectomy. Evaluate HER2 expression status in a patient with metastatic gastric cancer. Determine indications for BRCA1/2 testing in a woman with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Determine need for screening a patient at average risk for ovarian cancer. Treat a patient with localized renal cell carcinoma after surgical resection. Diagnose mantle cell lymphoma. Treat a patient with stage I mycosis fungoides. Treat stage I rectal cancer with surgical resection. Diagnose early-stage ovarian cancer through exploratory surgery. Manage a patient with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Treat squamous cell carcinoma of the neck with chemoradiation therapy following surgical resection. Manage a patient following radical inguinal orchiectomy for early-stage seminoma. Treat a patient who responds to treatment for small cell lung cancer with prophylactic cranial irradiation. Treat a patient with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma who responds to salvage chemotherapy. Manage concerns about disease recurrence in a breast cancer survivor. Treat prostate cancer metastatic to bone with radium-223. Treat early-stage triple-negative breast cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy. Screen for breast cancer in a patient who has received chest radiation therapy. Treat non–small cell lung cancer with chemotherapy. Evaluate a patient with possible lymphoma with an excisional lymph node biopsy. Manage early-stage prostate cancer in an elderly man with medical comorbidities. Determine the prognosis in a patient with newly diagnosed colon cancer. Treat locally advanced anal cancer with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy. Manage a patient with a low-grade metastatic carcinoid tumor. Diagnose and stage pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Diagnose metastatic breast cancer through biopsy of a suspicious lesion. Manage a patient with metastatic lung cancer and poor performance status. Diagnose renal cell carcinoma in a patient with erythrocytosis and a high serum erythropoietin level. Treat a localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor with imatinib after surgical resection. Manage neutropenia and fever in a patient with leukemia. Manage a patient with prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Treat locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the neck with radiation therapy or surgery alone. Treat metastatic pancreatic cancer with multiagent systemic chemotherapy. Treat Burkitt lymphoma with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (R-hyper-CVAD). Treat a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary site with platinum-based chemotherapy. Treat a premenopausal patient who has completed breast cancer therapy with antiestrogen therapy. Manage non–small cell lung cancer and poor performance status with palliative care. Diagnose a hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome. Treat a localized gastrointestinal stromal tumor with imatinib after surgical resection. Treat metastatic pancreatic cancer with multiagent systemic chemotherapy.